UN nuclear watchdog chief visits Iran amid heightened tensions over monitoring challenges

Amidst heightened tensions in the broader Middle East due to the Israel-Hamas conflict, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) faces mounting challenges in overseeing Iran’s rapidly advancing nuclear program. Grossi’s visit comes against a backdrop of heightened concerns, with Iran reportedly possessing enough enriched uranium to potentially produce multiple nuclear weapons. Acknowledging the limitations of the agency’s monitoring capabilities, Grossi expressed concerns over the possibility of clandestine enrichment activities beyond the IAEA’s scrutiny.

Recent attacks between Israel and Iran have further complicated the situation, with reports of Israeli strikes near sensitive nuclear sites in cities like Isfahan. During his two-day visit, Grossi is expected to attend a nuclear conference in Isfahan, underscoring the urgency of addressing these challenges.

The deteriorating situation has strained relations between Iran and the IAEA, exacerbated by the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the nuclear deal in 2018. Iran has since abandoned the deal’s restrictions and escalated uranium enrichment to levels nearing weapons-grade purity.

IAEA surveillance efforts have been impeded, and Iran has restricted access for experienced inspectors. Iranian officials have also issued veiled threats regarding the pursuit of nuclear weapons, raising international concerns.

While Iranian leaders have previously issued religious edicts against the development of nuclear weapons, recent statements from prominent figures suggest a shift in stance. Amidst escalating tensions with Israel, experts speculate on the possibility of Iran conducting its first atomic test in response to perceived threats.

As Grossi meets with Iranian officials to address these pressing issues, the international community closely monitors developments, apprehensive of the potential implications for regional stability and nuclear proliferation.