Congo grapples with new, potentially more transmissible form of mpox amidst largest outbreak

Recent analysis conducted in Kamituga, eastern Congo, has unveiled a new variant of mpox, potentially capable of more efficient human-to-human transmission. Dr. Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, lead researcher of the study, notes genetic mutations in the virus, suggesting ongoing transmission among humans in a region with limited contact with the wild animals traditionally associated with the disease.

“We’re in a new phase of mpox,” remarked Dr. Mbala-Kingebeni, highlighting milder lesions primarily on the genitals, making diagnosis challenging compared to previous outbreaks where lesions were predominantly on the chest, hands, and feet. Additionally, the new variant appears to have a lower mortality rate.

WHO’s recent report on the global mpox situation underscores the need for revised testing strategies to detect these mutations. Dr. Mbala-Kingebeni warns of the risk of silent transmission unless patients proactively seek medical attention.

Sexual transmission remains a significant mode of infection, with approximately one-third of mpox cases reported in sex workers. It wasn’t until the 2022 global mpox emergency that scientists confirmed sexual transmission, particularly among gay or bisexual men. The emergence of this new variant adds complexity to containment efforts.

Dr. Boghuma Titanji, an infectious diseases expert, expresses concern over the virus’s adaptation for efficient human spread, potentially leading to consequential outbreaks.

The identified variant belongs to clade 1, known for its severity, with over 240 cases and at least three deaths reported in Kamituga. Dr. Dimie Ogoina, an mpox expert, draws parallels to early HIV spread, emphasizing the need for proactive measures amidst societal stigmas and patient reluctance.

Despite successful containment of mpox epidemics in the West with vaccines and treatments, Congo faces challenges in accessing sufficient supplies. Efforts are underway to procure vaccines with assistance from donor countries like Japan, aiming to bolster response efforts.

As mpox continues to spread across Africa and beyond, WHO’s emergencies chief, Dr. Michael Ryan, underscores the urgent need for international support, lamenting the lack of donor investment despite the escalating crisis.